A groundbreaking discovery by researchers at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) could transform the treatment of sepsis, a life-threatening condition responsible for millions of deaths annually. The team has identified how a bacterial molecule called lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers blood clotting, often exacerbating the effects of sepsis.
The study, led by Dr. Owen McCarty and published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, reveals that LPS activates clotting proteins in the blood, causing a dangerous cascade that can block blood flow and damage vital organs. These findings provide new insights into the “contact pathway,” a critical process in blood coagulation.
Dr. Joseph Shatzel, a physician-scientist at OHSU, highlighted the difficulty in treating sepsis. “The systems controlling clotting and bleeding become dangerously unbalanced. Our research aims to develop targeted therapies to address this imbalance,” he said.
The team’s research showed that certain LPS types, such as O26:B6, are particularly effective at initiating clotting. This makes them prime targets for innovative treatments. One promising approach involves antibodies designed to block factor XII, a protein integral to the clotting process.
“Blocking factor XII may help prevent harmful clots without increasing bleeding risk,” said Dr. André L. Lira, lead author of the study. These experimental therapies, including antibodies developed at OHSU, have already shown promising results in preclinical trials.
Sepsis, often caused by Gram-negative bacteria like E. coli, triggers an immune response that can spiral out of control, leading to organ failure and death. Despite its prevalence, treatment advancements have stagnated for decades, with current methods relying on antibiotics and supportive care.
“The mortality rate for sepsis remains alarmingly high, sometimes exceeding 50% in the U.S.,” Dr. Shatzel noted. “This research could be a game-changer, introducing precision therapies that target the root causes of clotting imbalances.”
The study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between basic scientists and clinicians. “This work bridges the gap between lab research and patient care,” said Dr. McCarty. “We’re optimistic about its potential to revolutionize sepsis treatment.”
The team continues to seek funding for further research and clinical trials, hoping to bring these groundbreaking therapies to patients. Dr. Lira expressed optimism, stating, “There’s a long way to go, but the possibility of saving lives drives us forward.”
This research not only sheds light on the mechanisms of sepsis but also underscores the potential of targeted, precision medicine in critical care. The innovative approaches developed at OHSU could pave the way for a new era of sepsis treatment, offering hope to millions worldwide.